Bean Seed types we sell include French, Broad and Runner varieties. Broad beans can be planted in the Autumn, but in my opinion, it's better to wait until the early spring, as the plants grow so quickly. French beans want to go in in warmer conditions, and Runner beans even later to ensure they don't get frosted.
Beans are legumes, and fix their own fertiliser from the air via nitrogen fixing bacteria on the roots. To this end, don't sow beans in soil that has recently had manure applied. If you use bagged fertiliser you may apply phosphate and potash as per usual.